{"product_id":"ghk-cu-copper-peptide","title":"GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e\n        \u003ci class=\"ti ti-file-description\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003eResearch Background\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n    \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e\n        GHK-Cu (CAS 49557-75-7; MW 403.9 g\/mol as Cu complex; C14H23CuN6O4) is a naturally occurring tripeptide-copper(II) complex first identified in human plasma albumin by Dr. Loren Pickart in 1973. This simple three-amino acid sequence — Glycine-Histidine-Lysine — forms a stable, high-affinity chelate with cupric ions (Cu2+) via coordination through the histidine imidazole ring and both terminal amines, creating a complex with distinct biological properties that neither the free peptide nor copper ions alone possess.\n    \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n    \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e\n        Despite its small size, GHK-Cu has been documented to influence gene expression across a remarkably broad biological range. Gene expression analyses have shown GHK-Cu modulating over 4,000 human genes — upregulating genes associated with tissue repair, collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, antioxidant defense, and anti-inflammatory response, while downregulating genes linked to cancer progression, inflammation, and oxidative stress.\n    \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n    \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e\n        At the mechanistic level, GHK-Cu operates through several converging activities: it activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) while upregulating their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2), creating a balanced ECM remodeling environment. It stimulates collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis via TGF-beta pathway engagement. Proangiogenic effects operate through VEGF upregulation and nerve growth factor (NGF) production. Antioxidant activity is mediated through copper-dependent SOD activation and NF-kB downregulation.\n    \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n    \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e\n        The 50mg vial format reflects GHK-Cu broader utility in research — applications extend beyond injectable models to topical formulation preparation, high-throughput cell culture experiments, and multi-animal studies requiring substantial total compound quantities.\n    \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e\n        \u003ci class=\"ti ti-atom\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003ePhysicochemical Data\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n    \u003cdiv class=\"table-scroll\"\u003e\n        \u003ctable class=\"prod-table\"\u003e\n            \u003cthead\u003e\n                \u003ctr\u003e\n                    \u003cth\u003eCompound\u003c\/th\u003e\n                    \u003cth\u003eFormula\u003c\/th\u003e\n                    \u003cth\u003eMW\u003c\/th\u003e\n                    \u003cth\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/th\u003e\n                    \u003cth\u003eSequence \/ Structure\u003c\/th\u003e\n                    \u003cth\u003eReceptor \/ Target\u003c\/th\u003e\n                \u003c\/tr\u003e\n            \u003c\/thead\u003e\n\n            \u003ctbody\u003e\n                \u003ctr class=\"row-alt\"\u003e\n                    \u003ctd class=\"td-bold\"\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/td\u003e\n                    \u003ctd\u003eC14H23CuN6O4\u003c\/td\u003e\n                    \u003ctd\u003e403.9 g\/mol (Cu2+ complex)\u003c\/td\u003e\n                    \u003ctd\u003e49557-75-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n                    \u003ctd\u003eGly-His-Lys chelated with Cu2+ ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n                    \u003ctd\u003eTripeptide-copper complex; MMP activator; VEGF\/collagen\/antioxidant modulator\u003c\/td\u003e\n                \u003c\/tr\u003e\n            \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n        \u003c\/table\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"General Peptide","offers":[{"title":"1 Vial","offer_id":50856758870263,"sku":null,"price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3 Vials","offer_id":50856758903031,"sku":null,"price":52.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 Vials","offer_id":50856758935799,"sku":null,"price":76.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0934\/1485\/0807\/files\/ECM-_-Skin_GHK-Cu-_Copper-Peptide.jpg?v=1781174284","url":"https:\/\/generalpeptide.com\/products\/ghk-cu-copper-peptide","provider":"General Peptide","version":"1.0","type":"link"}