{"title":"Metabolic","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"retatrutide-glp-3","title":"Retatrutide (GLP-3)","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e\n\u003ci class=\"ti ti-file-description\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003eResearch Background\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003eRetatrutide (LY3437943; CAS 2381247-38-9; MW ~4676 g\/mol) is a 39-amino acid synthetic peptide representing the most advanced generation of incretin-based metabolic research compounds currently in active clinical investigation. Unlike its predecessor compounds — semaglutide (GLP-1 agonist) and tirzepatide (dual GLP-1\/GIP agonist) — retatrutide simultaneously activates three distinct metabolic hormone receptors, offering researchers an unprecedented multi-pathway metabolic probe in a single molecule.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003eThe compound is derived from a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) backbone and incorporates three non-coded amino acid substitutions (Aib at positions 2 and 20; alpha-methyl-leucine at position 13) that confer metabolic stability and receptor selectivity. A C20 fatty diacid conjugated at lysine position 17 provides strong albumin binding that dramatically extends plasma half-life, enabling once-weekly dosing intervals in clinical protocols.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003eAt the receptor level, retatrutide's three-point engagement produces coordinated metabolic effects greater than the sum of its parts: GLP-1 receptor activation drives glucose-dependent insulin secretion, glucagon suppression, delayed gastric emptying, and hypothalamic appetite signaling; GIPR activation enhances insulin dynamics and adipocyte lipid metabolism; glucagon receptor (GCGR) activation promotes hepatic fat oxidation, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis — differentiating retatrutide from dual agonists. This GCGR component is a key driver of superior fat mass reduction and hepatic steatosis improvement seen in clinical data.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003eIn Phase II clinical trials (NEJM, Jastreboff et al., 2023), participants receiving 12 mg weekly achieved mean body weight reduction of 24.2% at 48 weeks. Phase III TRIUMPH trials are ongoing, investigating outcomes in obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, and MASLD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e\n\u003ci class=\"ti ti-atom\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003ePhysicochemical Data\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"table-scroll\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"prod-table\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCompound\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMW \/ Formula\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSequence \/ Structure\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eReceptor \/ Target\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"row-alt\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"td-bold\"\u003eRetatrutide (LY3437943)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~4676 g\/mol (acylated)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2381247-38-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e39-AA GIP-backbone; Aib2\/Aib20\/aMeL13; C20 fatty diacid at Lys17\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTriple GLP-1R \/ GIPR \/ GCGR agonist; albumin-binding extended half-life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"General Peptide","offers":[{"title":"1 Vial","offer_id":50856747630839,"sku":null,"price":68.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3 Vials","offer_id":50856747663607,"sku":null,"price":184.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 Vials","offer_id":50856747696375,"sku":null,"price":272.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0934\/1485\/0807\/files\/Metabolic_Retatrutide-_GLP-3.jpg?v=1781171755"},{"product_id":"hgh-fragment-176-191","title":"HGH Fragment 176-191","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e \u003ci class=\"ti ti-file-description\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003eResearch Background \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e HGH Fragment 176-191 is a C-terminal 16-amino acid fragment of human Growth Hormone (residues 176-191) that binds beta3-adrenergic receptors to stimulate lipolysis and inhibit lipogenesis independently of the GH receptor. Unlike full-length growth hormone, this fragment does not affect IGF-1 levels or insulin sensitivity, making it specifically valuable for adipose tissue metabolism research without systemic GH effects. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e This synthetic peptide fragment represents the lipolytic domain of human growth hormone, retaining the fat-metabolizing properties while eliminating the growth-promoting and glucose-modulating effects of the full hormone. The fragment functions through beta3-adrenergic receptor activation, triggering intracellular signaling cascades that promote the breakdown of stored triglycerides into free fatty acids while simultaneously inhibiting new fat synthesis. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e In research applications, HGH Fragment 176-191 demonstrates selective action on adipose tissue, particularly targeting visceral and subcutaneous fat depots. The mechanism involves enhanced lipolytic enzyme activity and reduced lipogenic enzyme expression, creating a net shift toward fat mobilization and away from fat storage. This makes it a valuable research tool for studying adipocyte metabolism, lipid partitioning, and body composition changes independent of growth hormone's anabolic effects. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e The fragment's independence from GH receptor signaling means it does not elevate IGF-1, affect glucose metabolism, or produce the growth-promoting effects associated with full-length GH. This selectivity profile allows researchers to isolate and study lipolytic mechanisms without confounding variables from other GH-mediated pathways. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e \u003ci class=\"ti ti-atom\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003ePhysicochemical Data \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"table-scroll\"\u003e \u003ctable class=\"prod-table\"\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth\u003eCompound\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eMW \/ Formula\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eSequence \/ Structure\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eReceptor \/ Target\u003c\/th\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr class=\"row-alt\"\u003e \u003ctd class=\"td-bold\"\u003eHGH Fragment 176-191\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e~1817 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e135261-71-1\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e16-AA C-terminal GH fragment (residues 176-191)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eBeta3-adrenergic receptor agonist; lipolysis stimulator\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/tbody\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"General Peptide","offers":[{"title":"1 Vial","offer_id":50856830632183,"sku":null,"price":55.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3 Vials","offer_id":50856830664951,"sku":null,"price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 Vials","offer_id":50856830697719,"sku":null,"price":220.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0934\/1485\/0807\/files\/Metabolic_HGH-Fragment-176-191.jpg?v=1781180236"},{"product_id":"cagrilintide-semaglutide","title":"Cagrilintide + Semaglutide","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e\n\u003ci class=\"ti ti-file-description\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003eResearch Background\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003eThis dual-mechanism metabolic blend combines Cagrilintide (5mg), a long-acting amylin analog targeting amylin receptors to reduce appetite and suppress glucagon, with Semaglutide (5mg), a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Phase II \u003cem\u003eCagriSema\u003c\/em\u003e investigations reported mean body-weight reductions of up to 22.7\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c\/strong\u003e, compared with 8.0\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c\/strong\u003e observed with semaglutide alone, while Phase III \u003cem\u003eREDEFINE\u003c\/em\u003e studies continue to evaluate the therapeutic potential of this combination. Dual amylin\/GLP-1 co-agonism has emerged as a major area of interest in next-generation metabolic research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003eCagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analog (MW approximately 3934 g\/mol; CAS 2295591-85-6) engineered with fatty acid conjugation to extend circulation time through albumin binding. Acting as an agonist at amylin receptors (AMY1–3), it mimics endogenous amylin activity by promoting satiety signaling, reducing food intake, and suppressing glucagon release. Its prolonged pharmacokinetic profile supports sustained receptor activation and once-weekly research dosing paradigms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003eSemaglutide is a 29-amino-acid GLP-1 analog (MW 4113.6 g\/mol; CAS 910463-68-6) modified with a C18 fatty diacid side chain that enhances albumin binding and extends biological activity. As a GLP-1 receptor agonist, it stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, and enhances central and peripheral satiety signaling involved in metabolic regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003eThe rationale for combining these agents lies in their complementary and potentially synergistic mechanisms. Amylin receptor activation reduces caloric intake through satiety pathways and postprandial glucagon suppression, while GLP-1 receptor activation improves glucose regulation, delays gastric emptying, and further promotes appetite control. Together, these pathways provide a multi-target approach to investigating energy balance, body-weight regulation, and glycemic physiology beyond the effects observed with either mechanism alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod-table-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"prod-table\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCompound\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMW \/ Formula\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSequence \/ Structure\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eReceptor \/ Target\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCagrilintide (5mg)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~3934 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2295591-85-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLong-acting amylin analog; fatty acid-conjugated\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAmylin receptor (AMY1–3) agonist; appetite and glucagon regulation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSemaglutide (5mg)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4113.6 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e910463-68-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e29-amino-acid GLP-1 analog with C18 fatty diacid conjugation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGLP-1 receptor agonist; insulin secretion and appetite regulation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-note\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"General Peptide","offers":[{"title":"1 Vial","offer_id":50856841904375,"sku":null,"price":114.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3 Vials","offer_id":50856841937143,"sku":null,"price":308.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 Vials","offer_id":50856841969911,"sku":null,"price":456.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0934\/1485\/0807\/files\/Metabolic_Cagrilintide_Semaglutide.jpg?v=1781181756"},{"product_id":"5-amino-1mq","title":"5-Amino-1MQ","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e\n\u003ci class=\"ti ti-file-description\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003eResearch Background\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium is a potent NNMT (Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase) inhibitor that modulates cellular metabolism through epigenetic and bioenergetic mechanisms. NNMT normally diverts SAM (S-adenosylmethionine) toward methylation of nicotinamide, reducing NAD+ precursor availability. By inhibiting NNMT, 5-Amino-1MQ increases intracellular SAM, upregulates NAD+ biosynthesis, and activates sirtuin pathways in fat tissue, making it a valuable research tool for adipogenesis inhibition and metabolic rate enhancement studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003eThis small molecule N-methylquinolinium derivative (MW 158.2 g\/mol; C10H12N2) functions through a unique mechanism distinct from direct NAD+ supplementation. Rather than providing exogenous NAD+ precursors, it preserves endogenous NAD+ biosynthesis capacity by blocking the enzymatic pathway that depletes NAD+ precursors. This upstream intervention creates sustained elevation of intracellular NAD+ levels and enhanced sirtuin activity, particularly in adipose tissue where NNMT expression is highest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003eIn research applications, 5-Amino-1MQ demonstrates the ability to reduce adipocyte size, enhance metabolic rate, and improve insulin sensitivity through NNMT inhibition and subsequent NAD+\/sirtuin pathway activation. The compound increases cellular energy expenditure and promotes a metabolic shift toward enhanced fat oxidation. Studies document oral bioavailability in mouse models, distinguishing it from peptide-based metabolic research compounds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003eThe mechanism extends beyond simple NAD+ elevation to include epigenetic modulation through increased SAM availability. Elevated SAM enhances methylation capacity, potentially influencing gene expression programs related to adipogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and metabolic regulation. This dual action on both NAD+ biosynthesis and methylation capacity makes it a comprehensive metabolic research tool.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod-table-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"prod-table\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCompound\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMW \/ Formula\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSequence \/ Structure\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eReceptor \/ Target\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC10H12N2 \/ 158.2 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eN-Methylquinolinium derivative\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNNMT inhibitor; NAD+ biosynthesis enhancer; adipocyte metabolism regulator\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"prod-note\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"General Peptide","offers":[{"title":"1 Vial","offer_id":50856848097527,"sku":null,"price":52.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3 Vials","offer_id":50856848130295,"sku":null,"price":141.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 Vials","offer_id":50856848163063,"sku":null,"price":208.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0934\/1485\/0807\/files\/Metabolic_5-Amino-1MQ.jpg?v=1781182607"},{"product_id":"survodutide","title":"Survodutide","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e\n        \u003ci class=\"ti ti-file-description\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003eResearch Background\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n    \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e\n        Survodutide (BI 456906; CAS 2550858-00-7) is a dual GLP-1R\/GCGR agonist developed to investigate the combined metabolic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor and glucagon receptor activation. Unlike triple agonists that additionally target GIP receptors, Survodutide focuses specifically on the GLP-1\/glucagon axis, emphasizing appetite regulation alongside hepatic fat metabolism and energy expenditure. Phase II investigations in NASH and MASLD have demonstrated meaningful reductions in hepatic fat content, while Phase III SURRECT studies continue to evaluate its broader clinical potential. This receptor-selective profile makes Survodutide an important comparator for understanding the contribution of individual metabolic pathways in multi-receptor agonist research.\n    \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n    \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e\n        Survodutide functions as a balanced dual agonist targeting both the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR). Fatty acid conjugation promotes albumin binding and extends circulating half-life, enabling prolonged receptor engagement characteristic of modern incretin-based compounds. Through this dual mechanism, GLP-1 receptor activation contributes to appetite suppression and glucose-dependent insulin secretion, while glucagon receptor activation enhances hepatic lipid utilization and increases energy expenditure.\n    \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n    \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e\n        In research applications, Survodutide has generated particular interest in models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Activation of glucagon receptor pathways promotes hepatic fat oxidation and improved lipid handling, directly addressing pathological hepatic fat accumulation. At the same time, GLP-1 receptor signaling supports improved glycemic regulation and reduced caloric intake, providing a comprehensive framework for studying interconnected aspects of metabolic dysfunction.\n    \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n    \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e\n        The dual-agonist strategy offers a more focused approach than triple-receptor compounds, allowing researchers to evaluate the specific physiological contributions of glucagon receptor signaling when paired with GLP-1 activity. This makes Survodutide a valuable tool for dissecting receptor-specific mechanisms involved in hepatic metabolism, body-weight regulation, energy homeostasis, and the development of next-generation metabolic therapeutics.\n    \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n    \u003cdiv class=\"prod-table-wrap\"\u003e\n        \u003ctable class=\"prod-table\"\u003e\n            \u003cthead\u003e\n                \u003ctr\u003e\n                    \u003cth\u003eCompound\u003c\/th\u003e\n                    \u003cth\u003eMW \/ Formula\u003c\/th\u003e\n                    \u003cth\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/th\u003e\n                    \u003cth\u003eSequence \/ Structure\u003c\/th\u003e\n                    \u003cth\u003eReceptor \/ Target\u003c\/th\u003e\n                \u003c\/tr\u003e\n            \u003c\/thead\u003e\n            \u003ctbody\u003e\n                \u003ctr\u003e\n                    \u003ctd\u003eSurvodutide (BI 456906)\u003c\/td\u003e\n                    \u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n                    \u003ctd\u003e2550858-00-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n                    \u003ctd\u003eDual GLP-1R\/GCGR agonist; fatty acid-conjugated for extended half-life\u003c\/td\u003e\n                    \u003ctd\u003eGLP-1 receptor and glucagon receptor agonist; hepatic fat oxidation and appetite regulation\u003c\/td\u003e\n                \u003c\/tr\u003e\n            \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n        \u003c\/table\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n    \n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"General Peptide","offers":[{"title":"1 Vial","offer_id":50856851013879,"sku":null,"price":148.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3 Vials","offer_id":50856851046647,"sku":null,"price":400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 Vials","offer_id":50856851079415,"sku":null,"price":592.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0934\/1485\/0807\/files\/Metabolic_Survodutide.jpg?v=1781183747"},{"product_id":"semaglutide","title":"Semaglutide","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e \u003ci class=\"ti ti-file-description\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003eResearch Background \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e Semaglutide (CAS 910463-68-6; MW 4113.6 g\/mol) is a 29-amino acid GLP-1 receptor agonist with a C18 fatty diacid acylation for albumin binding and once-weekly dosing. FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic) and obesity (Wegovy), it represents the most extensively studied GLP-1 receptor agonist with the deepest clinical safety database — tens of thousands of subjects across multiple Phase 3 trials. The mechanism involves GLP-1R activation driving glucose-dependent insulin secretion, glucagon suppression, delayed gastric emptying, and hypothalamic appetite signaling. STEP trials demonstrated that the 2.4 mg\/week dose achieved ~15-17% mean weight reduction at 68 weeks. OASIS 4 (2025) showed oral semaglutide 7.2 mg\/week achieved weight loss comparable to high-dose subcutaneous versions. Semaglutide also demonstrated cardiovascular risk reduction (SELECT trial, 20% reduction in MACE) and emerging data for Alzheimer's disease prevention (EVOKE trials). Among the lowest side-effect risk profiles in the GLP-1 class with the most human safety data of any research peptide in this catalog. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e This long-acting GLP-1 analog features strategic modifications including substitution of alanine with alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) at position 8 to confer DPP-4 resistance, and attachment of a C18 fatty diacid side chain at Lys34 via a linker for albumin binding. These modifications extend the half-life to approximately 7 days, enabling once-weekly administration while maintaining potent GLP-1 receptor activation. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e In research applications, semaglutide demonstrates effects across multiple metabolic parameters including glycemic control, appetite regulation, body weight reduction, and cardiovascular protection. The peptide acts through central mechanisms in the hypothalamus and brainstem to reduce appetite and food intake, while peripheral actions enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppress glucagon release. Delayed gastric emptying contributes to enhanced satiety and reduced postprandial glucose excursions. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e The extensive clinical trial program provides unparalleled human data for metabolic research, including the STEP program for obesity, SUSTAIN program for diabetes, SELECT for cardiovascular outcomes, and emerging EVOKE trials for neurodegenerative disease. This comprehensive safety and efficacy database makes semaglutide the reference standard for GLP-1 receptor agonist research. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e \u003ci class=\"ti ti-atom\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003ePhysicochemical Data \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"table-scroll\"\u003e \u003ctable class=\"prod-table\"\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth\u003eCompound\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eMW \/ Formula\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eSequence \/ Structure\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eReceptor \/ Target\u003c\/th\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr class=\"row-alt\"\u003e \u003ctd class=\"td-bold\"\u003eSemaglutide\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eC187H291N45O59 \/ 4113.6 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e910463-68-6\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e29-AA GLP-1 analog; C18 fatty diacid at Lys34 via linker; albumin-binding\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eGLP-1R agonist; glucose-dependent insulin secretion; appetite suppression; delayed gastric emptying\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/tbody\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"General Peptide","offers":[{"title":"1 Vial","offer_id":50856855240951,"sku":null,"price":30.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3 Vials","offer_id":50856855273719,"sku":null,"price":81.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 Vials","offer_id":50856855306487,"sku":null,"price":120.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0934\/1485\/0807\/files\/Metabolic_Semaglutide.jpg?v=1781187436"},{"product_id":"tirzepatide","title":"Tirzepatide","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e \u003ci class=\"ti ti-file-description\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003eResearch Background \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e Tirzepatide (CAS 2023788-19-2; MW ~4813.5 g\/mol) is a 39-amino acid dual GLP-1R\/GIPR agonist developed by Eli Lilly — the foundational molecule establishing dual incretin co-agonism as the dominant weight loss paradigm. FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro, 2022) and obesity (Zepbound, 2023). Mechanism: GLP-1R activation handles appetite suppression and insulin secretion; GIPR activation provides complementary effects on adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, and enhanced insulin dynamics — producing superior weight loss vs. GLP-1 single agonist. SURMOUNT-1 trials: 15 mg\/week achieved a mean body weight reduction of 22.5% at 72 weeks in participants without diabetes — substantially superior to semaglutide. SURMOUNT-5 head-to-head vs. semaglutide: tirzepatide showed significantly greater weight loss. The GIPR co-agonism component is also being studied for NASH, heart failure, sleep apnea, and knee osteoarthritis. A C20 fatty diacid provides once-weekly albumin-binding extended half-life. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e This dual incretin analog represents a paradigm shift in metabolic research, demonstrating that co-activation of GLP-1 and GIP receptors produces synergistic effects exceeding either receptor alone. The GIP receptor component, previously thought to be counterproductive for weight loss, actually enhances the metabolic benefits when combined with GLP-1 activation, improving insulin sensitivity, lipid handling, and adipocyte function. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e In research applications, tirzepatide demonstrates superior efficacy across multiple metabolic endpoints compared to GLP-1 mono-agonists. The dual mechanism addresses appetite regulation through both GLP-1 and GIP pathways in the central nervous system, while peripheral actions enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress glucagon, slow gastric emptying, and improve adipocyte lipid metabolism. The GIP component also demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects and may protect against beta-cell exhaustion. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e The SURMOUNT clinical program provides extensive human data supporting tirzepatide's efficacy and safety profile, with dose-dependent weight loss reaching 22.5% at the highest dose. Ongoing studies are investigating applications in NASH, cardiovascular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and osteoarthritis, expanding the therapeutic potential of dual incretin agonism beyond glycemic control and weight management. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e \u003ci class=\"ti ti-atom\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003ePhysicochemical Data \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"table-scroll\"\u003e \u003ctable class=\"prod-table\"\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth\u003eCompound\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eMW \/ Formula\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eSequence \/ Structure\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eReceptor \/ Target\u003c\/th\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr class=\"row-alt\"\u003e \u003ctd class=\"td-bold\"\u003eTirzepatide\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eC225H348N48O68 \/ ~4813.5 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e2023788-19-2\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e39-AA GLP-1\/GIP dual agonist; C20 fatty diacid; once-weekly dosing\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eDual GLP-1R + GIPR agonist; 22.5% mean weight loss at 72 weeks (SURMOUNT-1)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/tbody\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"General Peptide","offers":[{"title":"1 Vial","offer_id":50856855634167,"sku":null,"price":34.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3 Vials","offer_id":50856855666935,"sku":null,"price":92.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 Vials","offer_id":50856855699703,"sku":null,"price":136.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0934\/1485\/0807\/files\/Metabolic_Tirzepatide.jpg?v=1781187629"},{"product_id":"aod-9605","title":"AOD-9604","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e \u003ci class=\"ti ti-file-description\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003eResearch Background \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e AOD-9604 (Anti-Obesity Drug 9604; CAS 221231-10-3) is a synthetic 16-amino acid peptide fragment of human growth hormone spanning residues 176-191 — the specific C-terminal sequence responsible for HGH's lipolytic (fat-burning) activity. It was engineered to isolate and amplify the fat metabolism effects of HGH while eliminating its growth-promoting, IGF-1-raising, and insulin-disrupting properties. This targeted mechanism makes AOD-9604 arguably the lowest side-effect weight-related research compound in this catalog. Unlike GLP-1 agonists (which carry GI side effects — nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and unlike HGH itself (which raises IGF-1, alters glucose metabolism, and carries carcinogenic risk at high doses), AOD-9604 specifically activates beta3-adrenergic receptors to stimulate lipolysis and inhibit lipogenesis in adipocytes — without touching the growth hormone receptor, IGF-1 signaling, or insulin regulation. Developed by Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Ltd, it reached Phase IIb clinical trials in obesity (META0021). Side effect profile in clinical trials was indistinguishable from placebo for most endpoints. Note: AOD-9604 and HGH Fragment 176-191 are functionally equivalent — the same peptide sequence by different naming conventions. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e This 16-amino acid fragment represents the minimal active sequence required for growth hormone's fat-burning effects, isolated from the full 191-amino acid hormone. By focusing exclusively on the lipolytic domain, AOD-9604 provides a precision tool for investigating adipocyte metabolism without the systemic effects of full-length growth hormone. The peptide functions through beta3-adrenergic receptor activation, triggering intracellular signaling cascades that enhance lipolytic enzyme activity while simultaneously suppressing lipogenic pathways. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e In research applications, AOD-9604 demonstrates selective action on adipose tissue, promoting triglyceride breakdown into free fatty acids while inhibiting new fat synthesis. The mechanism operates independently of growth hormone receptors, IGF-1 production, and insulin signaling, making it ideal for isolating lipolytic mechanisms from other endocrine pathways. Clinical trials documented an exceptional safety profile with side effects indistinguishable from placebo, reflecting the compound's targeted mechanism and lack of systemic hormonal disruption. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e The equivalence between AOD-9604 and HGH Fragment 176-191 provides researchers flexibility in nomenclature while working with the identical 16-amino acid sequence. This makes it valuable for body composition research, adipocyte biology investigation, and studies examining fat metabolism without the confounding variables of growth-promoting or glucose-modulating effects. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e \u003ci class=\"ti ti-atom\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003ePhysicochemical Data \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"table-scroll\"\u003e \u003ctable class=\"prod-table\"\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth\u003eCompound\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eMW \/ Formula\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eSequence \/ Structure\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eReceptor \/ Target\u003c\/th\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr class=\"row-alt\"\u003e \u003ctd class=\"td-bold\"\u003eAOD-9604 (HGH Fragment 176-191)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e~1817 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e221231-10-3\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e16-AA C-terminal HGH fragment (residues 176-191); same as HGH Frag 176-191\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eBeta3-adrenergic receptor agonist; lipolysis stimulator; lipogenesis inhibitor; no IGF-1 or GH receptor activity\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/tbody\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"General Peptide","offers":[{"title":"1 Vial","offer_id":50856856355063,"sku":null,"price":52.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3 Vials","offer_id":50856856387831,"sku":null,"price":141.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 Vials","offer_id":50856856420599,"sku":null,"price":208.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0934\/1485\/0807\/files\/Metabolic_AOD-9604.jpg?v=1781187936"},{"product_id":"mazdutide","title":"Mazdutide","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e \u003ci class=\"ti ti-file-description\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003eResearch Background \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e Mazdutide (IBI362 \/ LY3305677; CAS pending) is a dual GLP-1R\/GCGR (glucagon receptor) agonist structurally modeled on oxyntomodulin — the body's natural co-activator of both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Developed by Innovent Biologics in collaboration with Eli Lilly, Mazdutide became the world's first GLP-1\/glucagon dual receptor agonist approved for weight management, receiving approval in China in June 2025 under the brand name Xinermei. This regulatory milestone makes it one of the most current research compounds in the catalog — moving from Phase 3 to approved drug in 2025. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e Mechanism: GLP-1R activation provides appetite suppression and insulin dynamics (same as semaglutide); GCGR activation adds hepatic fat oxidation, increased energy expenditure, and thermogenesis — the glucagon-mediated dimension that Survodutide and Retatrutide also leverage, but in Mazdutide's unique oxyntomodulin-derived structural framework. Phase 3 GLORY-2 trial (2025): Mazdutide 9 mg achieved 20.1% mean body weight reduction, with only 2.9% discontinuation due to adverse events — a remarkably low dropout rate for this class. Phase 2 head-to-head vs. semaglutide: Mazdutide outperformed semaglutide for both weight loss and glycemic control. Side effects: primarily mild GI (nausea, diarrhea) — consistent with class profile but with lower severity than tirzepatide in comparative data. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e This oxyntomodulin-based dual agonist represents a distinct structural approach to GLP-1\/glucagon co-agonism, leveraging the natural template that evolution designed for coordinated incretin and glucagon signaling. The fatty-acyl modification provides extended half-life and albumin binding for once-weekly dosing, similar to other modern incretin-based therapeutics. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e In research applications, Mazdutide demonstrates the unique combination of GLP-1-mediated appetite suppression with glucagon-mediated hepatic fat oxidation and thermogenesis. The glucagon receptor component increases energy expenditure and promotes fat burning in the liver, while the GLP-1 component controls appetite and improves insulin dynamics. This dual action produces superior weight loss outcomes compared to GLP-1 mono-agonists while maintaining an excellent tolerability profile. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp class=\"prod-para\"\u003e The remarkably low 2.9% discontinuation rate in Phase 3 trials distinguishes Mazdutide from other dual and triple agonists, suggesting that the oxyntomodulin-derived structure may provide better tolerability than de novo designed sequences. This makes it valuable for research examining the relationship between molecular structure, receptor balance, and clinical tolerability in multi-receptor agonists. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"prod-section-label\"\u003e \u003ci class=\"ti ti-atom\"\u003e\u003c\/i\u003ePhysicochemical Data \u003c\/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"table-scroll\"\u003e \u003ctable class=\"prod-table\"\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth\u003eCompound\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eMW \/ Formula\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eSequence \/ Structure\u003c\/th\u003e \u003cth\u003eReceptor \/ Target\u003c\/th\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr class=\"row-alt\"\u003e \u003ctd class=\"td-bold\"\u003eMazdutide (IBI362 \/ LY3305677)\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eDual GLP-1R\/GCGR agonist; oxyntomodulin-derived; fatty-acyl modification for once-weekly dosing\u003c\/td\u003e \u003ctd\u003eDual GLP-1 receptor + Glucagon receptor agonist; 20.1% weight loss Phase 3; approved China June 2025\u003c\/td\u003e \u003c\/tr\u003e \u003c\/tbody\u003e \u003c\/table\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"General Peptide","offers":[{"title":"1 Vial","offer_id":50856856912119,"sku":null,"price":77.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3 Vials","offer_id":50856856944887,"sku":null,"price":208.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 Vials","offer_id":50856856977655,"sku":null,"price":308.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0934\/1485\/0807\/files\/Metabolic_Mazdutide.jpg?v=1781188104"}],"url":"https:\/\/generalpeptide.com\/collections\/metabolic.oembed","provider":"General Peptide","version":"1.0","type":"link"}